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Compare Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2007) - Niger (2001)

Compare Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2007) z Niger (2001)

 Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2007)Niger (2001)
 Heard Island and McDonald IslandsNiger
Administrative divisions - 7 departments (departements, singular - departement), and 1 capital district* (capitale district); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey*, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder
Age structure - 0-14 years:
47.97% (male 2,528,484; female 2,439,051)

15-64 years:
49.75% (male 2,518,400; female 2,633,677)

65 years and over:
2.28% (male 123,589; female 111,955) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products - cowpeas, cotton, peanuts, millet, sorghum, cassava (tapioca), rice; cattle, sheep, goats, camels, donkeys, horses, poultry
Airports - 27 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total:
9

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
6

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
18

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
15

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Area total: 412 sq km


land: 412 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total:
1.267 million sq km

land:
1,266,700 sq km

water:
300 sq km
Area - comparative slightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Background These uninhabited, barren, sub-Antarctic islands were transferred from the UK to Australia in 1947. Populated by large numbers of seal and bird species, the islands have been designated a nature preserve. Not until 1993, 33 years after independence from France, did Niger hold its first free and open elections. A 1995 peace accord ended a five-year Tuareg insurgency in the north. Coups in 1996 and 1999 were followed by the creation of a National Reconciliation Council that effected a transition to civilian rule in December 1999.
Birth rate - 50.68 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget - revenues:
$377 million, including $146 million from foreign sources

expenditures:
$377 million, including capital expenditures of $105 million (1999 est.)
Capital - Niamey
Climate antarctic desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south
Coastline 101.9 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution - the constitution of January 1993 was revised by national referendum on 12 May 1996 and again by referendum on 18 July 1999
Country name conventional long form: Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands


conventional short form: Heard Island and McDonald Islands


abbreviation: HIMI		 conventional long form:
Republic of Niger

conventional short form:
Niger

local long form:
Republique du Niger

local short form:
Niger
Currency - Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Death rate - 22.71 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external - $1.3 billion (1999 est.)
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Antarctic Division of the Department of the Environment and Heritage -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission:
Ambassador Charles O. CECIL

embassy:
Rue Des Ambassades, Niamey

mailing address:
B. P. 11201, Niamey

telephone:
[227] 72 26 61 through 72 26 64

FAX:
[227] 73 31 67
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission:
Ambassador Joseph DIATTA

chancery:
2204 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 483-4224 through 4227
Disputes - international none Libya claims about 19,400 sq km in northern Niger; delimitation of international boundaries in the vicinity of Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, has been completed and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria
Economic aid - recipient - $341 million (1997)

note:
the IMF approved a $73 million poverty reduction and growth facility for Niger in 2000 and announced $115 million in debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative
Economy - overview The islands have no indigenous economic activity, but the Australian Government allows limited fishing in the surrounding waters. Niger is a poor, landlocked Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry, reexport trade, and increasingly less on uranium, because of declining world demand. The 50% devaluation of the West African franc in January 1994 boosted exports of livestock, cowpeas, onions, and the products of Niger's small cotton industry. The government relies on bilateral and multilateral aid - which was suspended following the April 1999 coup d'etat - for operating expenses and public investment. In 2000, the World Bank approved a structural adjustment loan of $35 million to help support fiscal reforms. However, reforms could prove difficult given the government's bleak financial situation.
Electricity - consumption - 401 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 215 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 200 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mawson Peak, on Big Ben 2,745 m		 lowest point:
Niger River 200 m

highest point:
Mont Greboun 1,944 m
Environment - current issues NA overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups - Hausa 56%, Djerma 22%, Fula 8.5%, Tuareg 8%, Beri Beri (Kanouri) 4.3%, Arab, Toubou, and Gourmantche 1.2%, about 1,200 French expatriates
Exchange rates - Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 699.21 (January 2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997), 511.55 (1996); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro
Executive branch - chief of state:
President Mamadou TANDJA (since 22 December 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Mamadou TANDJA (since 22 December 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; Prime Minister Hama AMADOU (since 31 December 1999) was appointed by the president and shares some executive responsibilities with the president

note:
President Ibrahim BARE was assassinated on 9 April 1999; subsequent elections were held under the nine-month provisional government of Major Daouda Mallam WANKE

cabinet:
23-member cabinet appointed by President TANDJA

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; last held 24 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
Mamadou TANDJA elected president; percent of vote - Mamadou TANDJA 59.9%, Mahamadou ISSOUFOU 40.1%
Exports - $385 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Exports - commodities - uranium ore 65%, livestock products, cowpeas, onions (1998 est.)
Exports - partners - France 45%, Nigeria 27%, UK 11% (1999)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description the flag of Australia is used three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a small orange disk (representing the sun) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of India, which has a blue spoked wheel centered in the white band
GDP - purchasing power parity - $10 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
40%

industry:
18%

services:
42% (1998)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $1,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 3.5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 53 06 S, 72 31 E 16 00 N, 8 00 E
Geography - note - landlocked
Highways - total:
10,100 km

paved:
798 km

unpaved:
9,302 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
0.8%

highest 10%:
35.4% (1995)
Imports - $317 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Imports - commodities - consumer goods, primary materials, machinery, vehicles and parts, petroleum, cereals
Imports - partners - France 22%, Cote d'Ivoire 15%, Nigeria 8%, US 3% (1999)
Independence - 3 August 1958 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - uranium mining, cement, brick, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses
Infant mortality rate - 123.57 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 2.8% (2000 est.)
International organization participation - ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km 660 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch - State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel
Labor force - 70,000 receive regular wages or salaries
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 6%, government 4%
Land boundaries 0 km total:
5,697 km

border countries:
Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2005)		 arable land:
3%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
7%

forests and woodland:
2%

other:
88% (1993 est.)
Languages - French (official), Hausa, Djerma
Legal system the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply based on French civil law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch - unicameral National Assembly (83 seats, members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)

elections:
last held 24 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MNSD-Nassara 38, CDS-Rahama 17, PNDS-Tarayya 16, RDP-Jama'a 8, ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya 4
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
41.59 years

male:
41.74 years

female:
41.44 years (2001 est.)
Literacy - definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
13.6%

male:
20.9%

female:
6.6% (1995 est.)
Location islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica Western Africa, southeast of Algeria
Map references Antarctic Region Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm		 none (landlocked)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia; Australia conducts fisheries patrols -
Military branches - Army, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Republican Guard, National Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $20 million (FY96)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 1.1% (FY96)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
2,202,608 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
1,190,787 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
108,993 (2001 est.)
National holiday - Republic Day, 18 December (1958)
Nationality - noun:
Nigerien(s)

adjective:
Nigerien
Natural hazards Mawson Peak, an active volcano, is on Heard Island recurring droughts
Natural resources fish uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, petroleum
Net migration rate - -0.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Democratic Rally of the People-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]; Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama [Mahamane OUSMANE]; National Movement for a Developing Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Mamadou TANDJA, chairman]; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Social Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni Adamou DJERMAKOYE]; Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism-Tarayya or PNDS-Tarayya [Mahamadou ISSOUFOU]; Union of Democratic Patriots and Progressives-Chamoua or UPDP-Chamoua [Professor Andre' SALIFOU, chairman]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population uninhabited 10,355,156 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - 63% (1993 est.)
Population growth rate - 2.72% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - none
Radio broadcast stations - AM 5, FM 5, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios - 680,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - Muslim 80%, remainder indigenous beliefs and Christians
Sex ratio - at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.1 male(s)/female

total population:
1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment:
small system of wire, radio telephone communications, and microwave radio relay links concentrated in the southwestern area of Niger

domestic:
wire, radiotelephone communications, and microwave radio relay; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations and 1 planned

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 16,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 13,000 (1995)
Television broadcast stations - 10 (plus seven low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain Heard Island - 80% ice-covered, bleak and mountainous, dominated by a large massif (Big Ben) and an active volcano (Mawson Peak); McDonald Islands - small and rocky predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north
Total fertility rate - 7.08 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate - NA%
Waterways - 300 km

note:
the Niger River is navigable from Niamey to Gaya on the Benin frontier from mid-December through March
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